Administratively Mount Tambora is situated between two districts, namely
Dompu (partially feet south side to northwest) and Bima (flanks the south side
to the northwest, and the feet to the top side of the east to the north), the
island of Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara west with coordinate lines precisely at 8 ° 15
'latitude and 118 ° East.
Before 1815, Mount
Tambora is the highest mountain on the entire island of Sumbawa which peaks
towering to a height of about 4,300 meters above sea level (from paras
seawater) or more. So high that it was clearly visible from the east coast of
the island even if that place is within 300 km. Colossal eruption led to the
summit of Mount Tambora great trimmed so that its height was reduced to 2,851
meters above sea level. Not only that, now gave way to the peak form of a giant
crater (caldera) with diameter of about 6-7 km with a maximum depth of 1,250
meters, making it the deepest caldera across the face of the Earth.
The eruption of Mount
Tambora, which reached peak virulence in over a period of 5 to 15 April 1815.
The eruption was spitting out 160 cubic kilometers (160,000 million cubic
meters) of volcanic material. are flung up to an altitude of 43 km in a
super-eruption kolossal with 7 VEI (Volcano Explosivity Index) scale. It is the
scale of the eruption of the highest ever recorded in the written history of
human civilization. It releases energy was incredible, reaching 34,000 megatons
of TNT, or 1.5 times greater than all the energy stored in the entire nuclear
arsenal at the height of the cold war. Billions of tons of volcanic ash is very
fine shot high to reach the stratosphere. With him carried away and hundreds of
millions of tons of sulfur gases, which then reacts with water to form droplets
of sulfuric acid. Alloys are both formed sunscreen volcanic covering themselves
from head corners of the Earth's atmosphere at an altitude of between 10 and 30
km. This sunscreen makes 25% of sunlight is reduced so that only 75% have been
successfully transmitted to Earth. As a result, the average temperature of
Earth's surface decreased with all its consequences. As a comparison, the
energy of the eruption of Krakatoa in 1883 only one-eighth the 1815 Tambora
eruption. Tambora eruption rumbling heard at Sumatra Island. Sir Thomas
Stamford Raffles who ruled Bengkulu at that time thought the sound of the
eruption of Tambora is the voice booming cannon
As a result of this
eruption was recorded in 1816 as the "year without a summer" in
Europe and North America, due to dust and volcanic particles thrown into the
atmosphere blocking the sun. In 1816 the world's climate changes quite
dramatically resulting in crop failure in many parts of the world. Not only in
Indonesia alone. In Europe and North America, this effect can be felt Not only
crop failure, the effect of this eruption also killed many cattle and resulting
famine. Absolutely awful. The eruption of Mount Tambora also lead to the
disappearance of the three kingdoms in West Nusa Tenggara, namely: the kingdom
of Tambora, kingdom of Pekat and the Kingdom of Sanggar
The eruption of Mount
Tambora has raised global temperature anomalies, until the temperature dropped
about three degrees Celsius (global cooling), and destroyed the crops and cause
great famine in many countries, including North America, China, India and
Europe.. Tambora eruption continued impact and has caused the spread of typhoid
and dysentery are believed to have claimed lives in Europe to 200 thousand
people in the period 1816-1819.
In a theory presented
by the Society Napoleon Napoleon's defeat affected by climate disasters caused
by the Tambora. Rain and thunderstorms in the evening battle followed by the
cold temperatures (although today it has entered the summer) has led to
Napoleon's troops stuck in the mud that led to the effectiveness of the cavalry
and cannon ammunition becomes unusable. When in fact, Napoleon won in the
number of troops than his opponent. Napoleon's defeat has changed the history
and form an alliance that would affect the constellation of countries in Europe
until the next century
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